After 1895 Russian art has made rather rough *) evolution. From now on showrooms of Russia plough up doors for new currents *) the European art - impressionism, symbolism, фовизма, a cubism. Colonies of Russian artists and the sculptors, based in Paris and Munich, come into the liveliest contacts to the western art circles.

In the beginning of XX century in Moscow are formed significant *) collections of modern painting, are created new art groupings and associations *) the diversified orientation (кубисты, futurists, нео-primitives), will be organized debatable clubs, are arranged exhibitions, are published magazines and almanacs. Intensive theoretical work of which was not known by the Western Europe is conducted. For this reason modernist currents in Russia were much richer and is more diverse *). They represented conceptual synthesis of Russian and West-European elements.

The important factor of development pure *) arts in Russia was close cooperation of artists, poets, literary critics and even composers. Artists of Russian avant guarde not only illustrated books, but also created scenery to performances. The culmination moment was statement of " a futurist opera " " the Victory over the sun ". The Set dresser was Kazimir Malevich.

Revolution of October, 1917 has caused unknown *) rise *) enthusiasm and euphorias at художников-avant-gardists, who leave the workshops to devote itself to the organization of a new life in sphere of art. New art high schools * open), the modern Academy of arts which will be issued *) under the name " Institute of art culture " is created. The museums devoted to new picturesque culture are created. Never in Moscow passed so much exhibitions and opening days, as in 1919-1920. Leading artists of avant guarde actively participate in all this. Vasily Kandinsky закупаетзакупает *) modernist pictures for new Soviet authority. The national commissioner of formation A.Lunacharsky suggests it to make the program of new Academy of arts. Kazimir Malevich leaves for a province, Vitebsk where in December, 1919 will begin one of the most outstanding pedagogical experiments of a revolutionary epoch *). In the teaching business Malevich leaves far beyond *) painting, addressing to the pure theory, and also to theatre, architecture.

However the first impacts of a new revolutionary power on avant guarde at once reoriented it on abroad. That or a different way *) artists and their works direct *) to the Western Europe. Many will emigrate, others long live abroad. In the autumn of 1922 in Berlin there passes a greater exhibition of Russian avant guarde on which the Western Europe for the first time has seen pointless *) Russian art in its all variety *).

In 1932 all independent groupings of artists will be forbidden, and in two years, in 1934, the doctrine of " socialist realism " that will reject *) Russia far in the past will be officially proclaimed *).

Woordenlijst

бурный - stormachtig, 

течение - stroming

значительный - aanzienlijk

объединение - vereniging

многообразный - verscheiden

чистый - puur, zuiver

небывалый - ongekend

подъем - toename, groei

вуз - instelling voor hoger onderwijs

увидеть свет - verschijnen

закупать - inkopen

эпоха - tijdperk

предел - grens

способ - manier

устремляться - stromen

многообразие - verscheidenheid

беспредметный - non-figuratief, abstract

провозгласить - verkondigen

отбросить - terugslaan, terugwerpen

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